The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 850 Words

Great Gatsby Journal The novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is written in the 1920 s during the prohibition, and the characters values and goals really shaped the theme. The book was written about how people lived and acted during the 1920 s. This paper will cover; how the values and goals of the characters were shaped by the values and goals of people in the 1920 s, how the values and goals of the characters shaped the setting of the novel, and lastly the overall theme of the novel. The values of the people in the 1920 s shaped the characters in the book The Great Gatsby. Some might ask how people in General could shape the characters of the book, well F. Scott Fitzgerald based the characters off people he observed in the 1920 s and even off his own lifestyle. His characters like Gatsby that throw parties for people all the time show the lifestyle of how people partied, and really didn t care if alcohol was against the law. Even though Gatsby wasn t the one doing the partying he still broke the laws of the 1920 s by having alcohol. Characters like Tom, and Myrtle broke the law of consuming alcohol enough for everybody. The author shows how much Tom drinks by including this sentence in the book, Meanwhile Tom brought out a bottle of whiskey from a locked bureau door(33). The quote states that Tom drinks alcohol and shows us that he already planned to have a gathering in advance. In the book, religion is never really mentioned, and this isShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Fashion in Britain Free Essays

Manner in Britain London is one of the most influential centres of manner in the universe with the manner hebdomad held twice a twelvemonth in February and September. The British manner scene is extremely regarded and appreciated in the manner universe since it is portion of the alleged E?Big FourE? [ 1 ] . However, such a high rank wouldn?t have been achieved without The British Fashion Council. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion in Britain or any similar topic only for you Order Now This establishment was established in 1983 to assist organizing interior decorators, forming manner hebdomads and advancing immature draw a bead oning theoretical accounts, directors and interior decorators. The current president is Natalie Massenet who was appointed to this place in 2013. Britain does everything in its power to maintain and beef up non merely it topographic point at the top but besides the influence it bestows on immature manner lovers. Many of its manner colleges, the most of import and universe famous is surely the London Fashion College, are highly competitory and attract 1000s of appliers from all over the universe every academic twelvemonth. From all of the above mentioned it is non hard to reason that manner is, and ever was, really of import to the British people. We are able to follow it all the manner to the Roman invasion of the British islands in 43 AD. The manner people dressed in the earliest period of the British history before the Roman encroachers does non render itself to the analysis given the fact that merely scarce grounds exists. The preserved artifacts from that period include parts/fragments of vesture and pieces of jewelry. Harmonizing to the vesture found in Gravess, we can freely presume that adult females had worn adventitias and masterfully made pieces of jewelry such as broachs ( which were presumptively used to fix the adventitias ) . However, these material artifacts are non plenty for pulling any certain scientific decision about the E?fashionE? in the period before 43 AD. During the Roman business of Britain, the land was divided into states and the overall province of the common people was really hapless. Since this period was marked by changeless battle and conflict for endurance there was no British manner or manner of dressing we can discourse. Thus, I will jump this period in my paper. I will take you to the journey through the history of British manner from the mediaeval period to modern manner tendencies and the greatest manner houses. Bear in head that during each century manner changed from decennary to decennary and it is non possible to include everything so this paper will concentrate merely on the most outstanding features of manner in the given period. Medieval and Renaissance manner The basic medieval vesture consisted of adventitias with long arms and linen skirts for a adult male around 1050. Women wore similar adventitias but longer and were obliged to cover hair with a goon. Although, manner changed easy through the in-between age we can separate several chief ways of dressing. Hundred old ages subsequently, nil changed significantly for adult females whereas work forces added pointed chapeaus and legings into their garments. Around 1250 loose cloaks and shorter arms for both work forces and adult females came into manner. At a same clip, loose gowns with arms cut at two sides became really popular ( these sorts of gowns are still popular today being the E?ancestorsE? of modern formal gowns and dance frocks ) . In 14Thursdaycentury adult females braided hair into a roll and a henin was worn by the aristocracy. The henin was a chapeau or hair dress more exactly in the form of cone with head coverings. These were normally expensive and represented a mark of aristocracy and aristocracy. Work force wore pointed places called crackowes or poulaines and the arrow they were the richer was the proprietor. From 1430 onwards the appareled and male garments became richer and richer ; stuffs were rich, heavy and embroidered many of them imported from Italy and Flanders. Sleeves were given funnel form and were lined with pelt while the front portion of a frock was normally pinned back to let a lady easier walking. When the Renaissance reached its extremum, work forces were normally dressed in the E?Italian FashionE? manner which meant have oning tight apparels such as doublet and hosieries. Work forces had long loose gowns hanging over their shoulders and those gowns were cut unfastened in order to demo contrastive facings. British manner during 16Thursdayand 17Thursdaycentury The manner of the Tudor?s tribunal was characterized by a low waist and a high neckline. During the reign of Henry VIII, the Italian manner was still outstanding and work forces wore over-grown short gowns with skirts, tight hosieries. Approximately around 1520 full upper arms became popular. Women?s apparels did non alter significantly until the accession of Queen Elisabeth I. The twelvemonth 1600 saw the rise of Spanish manner. Men wore cushioned doublet and short knee pantss making the waist. The E?Spanish cloakE? was obligatory portion of vesture for royalty and aristocracy. It was made of heavy, rich stuff and was heavy embroidered. Nowadays, it is believed that sir Walter Raleigh through this sort of coat in the clay in order to protect Queen Elisabeth I from stepping into it. Queen Elisabeth dictated manner tendencies from her accession to the throne until approximately 1634, 31 old ages after her decease. She introduced long, stiff bodices and skirts of frocks were supported by farthingales and boulsters. Sleeves were broad and neckline was low cut in a specific manner in order to border the face. Caps were no longer worn ; hair was worn high with threads and plumes. In the in-between 17Thursdaycentury, the Dutch manner was popular. Work force wore unstiffened jacket and broad loose knee pantss ( similar to a musketeers? manner in France ) . Female apparels still involved stiff bodices while the long rich skirts were cut unfastened. False coil were added to hair beside threads. In the late 17Thursdaycentury, the manner of Gallic tribunals became outstanding. An over-gown was worn over the stiff girdle but was pinned back and gathered behind the waist in order to demo embroidered half-slip. British manner during 18Thursdayand 19Thursdaycentury From the beginning to the center of the 18Thursday,gentlemen wore tight knee pantss fastened above the articulatio genus and field tightly suiting coats which formed curvy dress suits at the terminals. Men wore their ain hair, but the formal occasions they were expected to have on white powdery wigs. Ladies wore long heavy frocks dwelling of stiff bodices and several beds of petticoats. Wing-like arms were introduced and frocks were made of silk and heavy brocaded stuffs. Towards the terminal of the 17Thursdaycentury, dresses became simpler due to the strong influence of the countryside manner. It is called redingote or a riding coat –the waist of a frock become shorter and a false hindquarters was added. Silk was worn merely in the eventides and formal occasions while the mundane frocks were made of wool, linen and cotton. At the beginning of the 18Thursdaycentury, the involvement in ancient Greece and Rome woke once more, particularly in the ancient manner. Dresses consisted of merely one half-slip with high waist. Long baseball mitts every bit good as muslin entered the manner. The girdle ( bodice ) left the manner scene and light stuffs were used. Gentlemen wore dark fitted suits dwelling of a cloth coat with buttons plain vests. Breechess were replaced by a Pantaloons and a hessian siting boots became popular. George Brummell brought to manner a formal suit with a necktie which is still worn all over the universe on formal occasions. The manner of this epoch is exactly portrayed in the BBC version of the fresh E?Pride and PrejudiceE? starring Colin Firth and Jennifer Ehle. The manner of 20thcentury The line of a frock changed since the accent was put on the shoulders and waist. Sleeves were puffed and skirts were long and fluxing. Hats were ever worn by ladies. The involvement in leather pocketbooks revived. [ 2 ] Evening dressed were low cut and made of alien stuff. Everything alien became popular-from stuff to make-up and hairdos. Hair was loose, curly and bob hairdo was popular. In 1947 Christian Dior presented the E?New LookE? which involved fitted jacket with nipped waist and full calf-length skirt. Mary Quant introduced short mini-dresses and skirts ( 6-7 inches above the articulatio genus ) . The manner was shaped by Gallic interior decorators such as Dior and Gabriele E?CocoE? Chanel who brought denims, tanned tegument and expensive gustatory sensation to the manner universe. The 50s saw the rise of theoretical accounts such as Twiggy and Jean Shrimpton. Clothes were used to demo societal position. Vivienne Westwood claim celebrity as the interior decorator during 70s a nd today. The 80s were a decennary of degeneracy with large hair and large puffed shoulders. In general, manner of the 20Thursdaycentury put speech pattern on female organic structure ( frocks became tighter following slender figure ) , make-up and hair, or as you wish-beauty in general. Modern manner in Britain is extremely influenced by the royal household, exactly, the Duchess of Cambridge Kate Middleton. Womans throughout England are seeking to copy her simple yet elegant and authoritative manner. Beside the royalty, theoretical accounts such as Kate Moss, who is considered British manner icon, represent manner function theoretical accounts to about all coevalss. Although Britain is non as rich in the being of influential manner houses as France, it still maintains high topographic point in the universe manner industry with aid of two most celebrated brands/houses-Burberry and Mulberry. Burberry Young Thomas Burberry was the laminitis of the trade name in 1856. He introduced water-repellent cloth which is called gabardine. Soon, the trade name started utilizing the name Burberrys which still can be seen on some older merchandises. In 1901, the company adopted celebrated E?Equestrian KnightE? as its logo. During the Second World War, the company was given the undertaking to alter and accommodate officers? uniforms to the rough conditions of war on unfastened field. As a consequence, the celebrated Burberry trench coat was developed. Interestingly, it is still worn today enduring merely minor alterations and is the hallmark of this trade name. In 1998, the company switched to utilizing the name Burberry once more. Modern Burberry has three trade names or subdivisions under its umbrella: Burberry Prorsum which is the basic line, Burberry London which produces concern outfits and Burberry Brit which is targeted at younger coevalss. The originative manager is Christopher Bailey. Mulberry Roger Saul and his female parent were the laminitiss of this manner house. The trade name is largely known for its leather bags, off-the-rack aggregations of vesture and accoutrements. Current CEO is Chris Roberts. In 2006, the company started the apprenticeship programmes in order to promote immature interior decorators and to supply employment for the local people. The learners are offered occupations once they finish the programme. The current interior decorator is Emma Hill who came to Mulberry in 2007. She is responsible for doing the trade name internationally celebrated and successful. However, in 2013, the trade name announced that Mrs Hill was go forthing the company in 2014. As a consequence, monetary value of portion stocks fell. In malice of this impermanent crisis, the trade name has many celebrated clients, most noteworthy of them being the Duchess of Cambridge. The rise of Britain as a manner power force decidedly started in the seventiess with the visual aspect of Vivienne Westwood who brought hood into the manner. Since so, the British manner scene saw many gifted interior decorators who helped Britain to remain among the top four. The most of import of them are John Galliano, Jenny Peckham, and Alice Temperley. Vivienne Westwood is the manner interior decorator who foremost became for planing apparels for McLaren and hood set Sex Pistols. Her first track show was held 1981 and the subject was the Pirates. When planing apparels, she likes to utilize traditional Scottish design, old cutting techniques from 17Thursdayand 18Thursdaycentury. Her designs vary from hood apparels, places, chapeaus to sole eventide gowns. Her designs were featured in the E?Sex and the CityE? movie. Although she was invited to take part in the costume designing, Westwood was dissatisfied with the chosen designs and the manner these were presented in the movie. As a consequence, she left London movie premiere and harshly criticized the costumes. She was appointed Dame Grand Cross of the British Empire. Jenny Peckham is most known for her nuptial aggregations, flushing gowns and off-the-rack outfits. In 2008, she launched bridal accessorize to follow her nuptials frocks. From 2010, her manner shows became lasting portion of the programme of New York Fashion Week. Alice Temperley designs for her manner house Temperley London founded in 2010. She puts accent on quality silk stuffs and her couture gowns are hand-made. In 2011, her Royal Majesty Queen of England appointed Temperley Member of the Order of the British Empire. Mentions Fukai, A. ( 2006 ) .Manner: a history from the 18th to the twentieth century. New York: Barnes A ; Baronial Pub. Hart, A. and S. North ( 2009 ) .17th A ; eighteenth Century Fashion Detail Fashion in Detail.London: V A ; A Publication Houston, Mary G. ( 1996 ) .Medieval Costume in England and France: The 13th, 14th and 15th Centuries. New York: Dover Publications, Inc Klepper, E. ( 1999 ) .Costume through the Ages: Over 1400 Illustrations. New York: Dover Publications, Inc Laver, J. and C. Probert ( 1983 ) .Costume and Fashion: A Concise History. Oxford: Oxford University Press Palomo-Lovinski, N. ( 2010 ) .The World ‘s Most Influential Manner Interior designers. London: A A ; C Black Publishers Peacock, J. ( 2006 ) .Costume: 1066 to the Present. New York: Thames A ; Hudson Scott, M. ( 2011 ) .Manner in Middle Ages. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum Watt, J. ( 2012 ) .Manner The Ultimate Book of Costume and Style. London: Dorling Kindersley Werle, S. ( 2010 ) .50 Manner Interior designers You Should Know. Muenchen: Prestel Printing Wilcox, C. and V. Mendes ( 2009 ) .Twentieth Century Fashion in Detail. London: V A ; A Publication Burberry. Burberry London. ( 08 February, 2014 ) lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //burberryplc.com/about_burberry gt ; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. ( 08 February, 2014 ) lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulberry_ ( company ) 1 How to cite Fashion in Britain, Essay examples

Human Resource Management Motivational Policies

Question: Describe about theHuman Resource Management for Motivational Policies?. Answer: 1. Different Theories of Motivation Refer to power point presentation 1 Supplement of Information for motivating the Employees Refer to Power Point Presentation 2 Motivation of Employees at British Sugar Case Refer to Power Point Presentation 3 Summary of Motivation of Employees at British Sugar Case After reviewing the motivational policies of British Sugar, it has been found that the organization is lacking far behind in terms of motivation. The organization is trying to make their employees work at the public holidays as well with extra payment, which can prove to reduce employee commitment. The organization has only thought of increasing employee performance by little benefits such as remuneration, sickness payment and performance improvement plan. It is suggested at British Sugar needs to implement fringe benefits for its employees, which will act as employee motivation. Financial figures will lead to more employee commitment and even if the employees are awarded share of profit at the end of each year, then they will respond more in performance. Therefore, it is recommended that the organization need to follow employee appreciation techniques to improve performance. 2. Cooperation of Employees In order to keep the business progressive like a well-oiled machine, each and every department of the organization should work in cooperation with other. Organizations generally encourage dependency and teamwork within the workplace. The sense of dependency on each other creates employee cooperation and enhances the motivation level of the employees towards their job role (Jerome 2013). Many organizations in this modern age, play team building games for encouraging employee cooperation. Demonstration of role model regarding job and performing casual exercise, creates relaxed working environment from which employees learn about solving complex problem and assisting other in complex situation. Apart from that, organizations also provide cross training to the employees in whom they are provided with knowledge of each position in the organization (Banfield and Kay 2012). Cross training promotes high level of employee cooperation, as the employees can work in different departments togethe r with other employees having knowledge of each department. Stipulation of Contract of Employment The employment contract of British Sugar Plc suggests that the employees have to work based on normal contractual weekly hours. The working hours in a week are 36 hours per week. The organization have the right to change the working hour and shifting of the employees according to the business needs. Annual Salary of the organization is paid monthly and the remuneration of the employees of this organization is based on the pattern and grade of the job. The employees may also have to work in Christmas and New Year if needed by the business. However, the employees get additional 210 before any statutory deduction. The terms and condition of the employees are affected through collective agreements with trade unions (Hayes 2014). The employees get leave of 26 days in a full year. If any employees become absent of 7 days due to sickness, then they have to submit a medical certificate to the HR manager of the organization. All the employees of this organization have to treat equally each ot her working in the organization. Internet policy demonstrate that emails of every employees is checked each time for ensuring that conversation on emails are only about employment and not about outside matters. Managing Contracts of Employment At times when an employee fails to follow the policies of the organization, he is classed as authorized and dealt with the organizations disciplinary policies and procedure (Al Ariss and Crowley-Henry 2013). The organization can also be withheld the sick pay due to deviation from the policies of the organization. The employees are advised to read the policies of descried in Business Management system POL-HR-007 that demonstrates all the procedures and right of the employees. Thus, the employees will be led to manage the employment contract. The information regarding the policies is given to the employees during their induction time that make them aware of the employment contracts and manage it properly. Apart from that, the employees many also charged with penalties for not maintaining the employment contract that also leads the employees towards properly managing it. Disciplinary Measures Disciplinary measures of British Sugar demonstrate that all the employees should behave in a fair and consistent way through maintaining all the policies of the organization. If any employee seems to do any misconduct in the organization, he will be charged with criminal offence. Misconduct of the employees are happened in terms of contamination of products, failure in complying with equal opportunity policy, deliberate damage of property, physical violence at work, unauthorized access of information from company database and many more (Wong 2013). If any employees seem to do any misconduct, he would be given a notice. If the offence is not so serious, the employees are provided with verbal notice. On the other hand, if the offence is so serious then the employees conducted the offence are provided with written notice. Investigations are arranged for ensuring the justification of the offence. The employees conducted the misconducts are provided with investigation notice before the in vestigation is started. If the offence seems to be so serious are done by the employees intentionally, they are suspended and their salaries are deducted. Employee Involvement Technique According to the case study, the employee involvement techniques that were found are below. Personal Development Plan (PIP) Work with the employee to develop an improvement plan and ensure the appropriate resources are made available to assist the employee in their improvement activities Conduct regular review meetings for the duration of the agreement Provide honest, constructive, timely feedback and reasonable support on an ongoing basis Payment In the concerned organization, the employees are paid according to performance. At the time of public holidays, the employees are asked to work for extra hours against extra payment. Moreover, there is paid sick leave, paid list of holidays, which involves employee participation. Organizational culture of British Sugar While analyzing the case study, it has been found that British Sugar follows authoritative culture. This is because the employees are compelled to obey the organizational policies and certain strict rules. There is very less flexibility and employee motivational programs. Community links At present, the organization does not have any community link but if it has such links in future, then the organization will become more familiarized with different stakeholders in the market, which will eventually increase the mode of business progress. More number of people and classified audiences will be able to get in touch with the organization, which will enhance the corporate sustainability. Reference List Al Ariss, A. and Crowley-Henry, M., 2013. Self-initiated expatriation and migration in the management literature: Present theorizations and future research directions.Career Development International,18(1), pp.78-96. Banfield, P. and Kay, R., 2012.Introduction to human resource management. Oxford University Press. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Jerome, N., 2013. Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employees performance.International Journal of Business and Management Invention,2(3), pp.39-45. Wong, P.T. ed., 2013.The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications. Routledge.

Oil and Gas Industry free essay sample

However, as technology is constantly changing, the workforce requires ongoing development to ensure employees have the correct skills to perform their job role effectively. The oil and gas industry is a diverse sector that operates globally, both onshore and offshore. Over 400,000 people are employed in the UK industry alone with the majority of those employed onshore. Both offshore and onshore environments offer a wide variety of roles from drilling to design, accounts to engineering and HR to PR. Meeting standards All activity within the industry must conform to specified industry standards. These standards ensure a safe working environment for the oil and gas workforce. OPITO develop training standards in partnership with the industry and work closely with the training providers who deliver the courses to ensure that standards are maintained. OPITO therefore plays a strategic role in the oil and gas industry through workforce planning and skills development globally. OPITO works with industry employers to allow employees to engage in an ongoing process of professional development. We will write a custom essay sample on Oil and Gas Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This helps to ensure that organisations have appropriately skilled and qualified workers to help meet their business objectives. This case study demonstrates how the right people with the right skills ensure that the sector can maximise the recovery of the remaining oil and gas reserves as well as remaining competitive and profitable. Workforce planning Workforce planning is a fundamental tool used by many organisations. This involves estimating future workforce requirements in terms of both labour demand and skills to aid the achievement of business objectives. An ppropriately skilled workforce is critical to an organisations short-term and long-term future in order to remain competitive. The industry requires a highly talented workforce, meaning the search for talent is extremely competitive. There are many factors affecting the employee marketplace, such as the UK’s ageing workforce and the need for appropriate skills and qualifications. These factors may contribute to futu re skills shortages as they reduce the pool of suitably qualified candidates that the oil and gas sector can recruit from. Analysing the skills base OPITO has published a Labour Market Intelligence survey which analyses the current skills situation within the industry. This can be used as a workforce planning tool to identify future skills needs. In order to address these needs, the industry works closely with schools, colleges and universities to inform and influence pupil/student subject choices, in an attempt to widen the pool of talent. As a technology-led business, the oil and gas industry is constantly changing and developing with roles following suit. However, attracting employees with the desired skills and abilities can be challenging across the sector. For example, increasingly oil is located in deeper waters and with this comes the challenge of accessing pipelines and structures safely. The role of Divers is now supplemented by the use of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) for tasks including the inspection of pipelines and in continuing maintenance. The operation and control of ROVs requires specialist skills and knowledge at both Technician and Graduate level. How technology is driving skills development Companies require skilled people, in both on and offshore roles, in order to extract oil and gas safely, whilst acting environmentally responsibly and remaining profitable. Companies within the industry often employ contractors to fill specific short-term roles. This is often the case when there is a need to manage increased production levels or when the use of specialist equipment is required. Workforce planning is an important tool in this situation. Companies need to ensure the required skills are not already available through salaried staff before hiring contractors for the specific role. As the oil and gas industry locates and explores previously challenging reservoirs, innovative technology is at the forefront. This is n integral part of a number of roles ranging from drilling to seismic interpretation. In order to keep pace with these advances a diverse range of core skills and competences are fundamental. In order to remain profitable and competitive the commercial angle must be considered in conjunction with the technical advances. Therefore within a project team a combination of both technical and commercial disciplines work closely together t o ensure the project is viable. This may include Geologists, Seismologists, Accountants, Lawyers, Engineers and Analysts. Functions of an organisation The range of roles and departments within the industry and within individual organisations means that they must be divided into specialised functions in order to work effectively. There are several ways of doing this. For example, if the company is national or international it may be divided geographically, national companies may then be split by region whilst international companies may be split by continent. Some organisations within the industry divide the company by processes, such as exploration, production and refining. However most organisations use a combination of factors to divide the company up to ensure maximum efficiency. The range of functions and associated areas are varied, yet some are common to companies across the sector: Technical – includes a range of engineering disciplines, as well as geoscientists and designers Science – monitoring the environment, locating reservoirs and appraising wells Health amp; safety – ensures the working environment is safe for employees in both the office and offshore environments Commercial – includes marketing, logistics, accounts and law Human resources – responsible for employees training and welfare. There are a variety of routes into the industry. These include apprenticeships, university and college as well as from other trades and professions. For example, OPITO run a highly successful Technician Training Scheme. The scheme trains apprentices in electrical, mechanical, process and instrument amp; control disciplines commonly used across the industry. As part of the four-year scheme an apprentice trains for two years at college before gaining two years of practical experience. Apprenticeships allow trainees to earn throughout their training while gaining relevant qualifications and experience in their chosen field. Roles and responsibilities To ensure employees work as efficiently as possible it is important to have clearly defined job roles and responsibilities. This is particularly important in large firms to ensure no part of the workload is overlooked. In smaller organisations job roles may be less structured as employees may be required to take on a variety of tasks and responsibilities. Job descriptions Clear job descriptions and personal remits enable workers to focus on their job-specific tasks. It allows employees to prioritise their workload and reduce the chance of work duplication. In the offshore environment, where safety is a key priority, defined roles and responsibilities ensure that workers are competent and qualified for the tasks they undertake. Organisational structure and responsibility The roles and responsibilities of each worker are overseen by supervisors, team leaders and managers. The number of workers that the supervisor is responsible for is called a span of control. The span of control will become wider as the number of employees being supervised increases. For example, an Offshore Installation Manager (OIM) is responsible for the complete running of the rig/platform and is accountable for the health and safety of everyone on-board. This means the OIM has a large span of control. However, a Tool Pusher, the department head in charge of the Drilling and Deck Crews, is accountable for the drilling staff and as such has a smaller span of control. To allow for the supervision and management of workers organisations are divided by layers as well as department or functions. The smallest layer at the top of the organisational structure has more responsibility and accountability than the larger layers at the bottom. This forms an organisations hierarchy. A hierarchy establishes a chain of command. This allows information to be communicated from one layer of the organisation to the next. This information will pass through the span of control in each layer. An example of this is when important safety information is passed from the OIM, down through the hierarchy to the Technicians. All job roles, from geological exploration to human resources, will fall within a hierarchy. Roles within the oil amp; gas industry The oil and gas industry offers many different roles requiring different skills in different environments: Kirsty, an Administration Assistant, is just starting her career in the oil amp; gas industry. Kirsty joined a contracting company straight from school and recommends the industry as a great place to work. Since joining the company she has begun a business and administration course. The course is funded by her employers and gives her the opportunity to widen her knowledge and develop her skills. It will allow Kirsty to work towards promotion to a supervisory role. In her current role Kirsty’s main responsibilities are liaising with customers, organising meetings and booking travel arrangements for managers. David is a Reservoir Management Geologist working for a multinational exploration and production company. David joined the industry 15 years ago, after leaving his career as a pilot and completing a master’s degree at university. David’s role includes supervising a small team to build and maintain field reservoir models. It also involves supervising interactions with other organisational functions such as ‘Well Planning’ to advise on the placement of new wells, which allow the oil to be extracted. Although David’s role as a supervisor throws up challenges he feels he is well rewarded with a good salary and work/life balance. This allows him to provide a secure future for his family. Mark has held a number of offshore positions during his 28 years in the industry. He began as an OPITO apprentice on the Technician Training Scheme, where he spent two years at college and gave him a further 2 years on the job experience. Mark now holds one of the most responsible jobs in the industry as an OIM, based on a North Sea platform. He is accountable for 120 people working on the platform and has an operating budget of around ? 0 million. Whilst progressing through the industry he has gained lots of practical experiences and qualifications including an SVQ in supervisory management and management of major emergencies course. Mark enjoys the variety of his role as an OIM and is looking forward to continuing his career offshore for many years to come. Career progression at this level would mean moving to an onshore role. Conclusion Organisations within the oil amp; gas industry seek to extract resources efficiently, safely and profitably to serve world markets. To do this OPITO has developed standards which help to ensure processes meet these requirements. The industry requires talented and competent employees to ensure these standards are maintained. In order to do this, as well as employing directly, the industry often works with a number of contractors when specialist tasks or increased production demands it. The industry supports many diverse roles. Not all roles within the industry require technical or scientific skills. Commercial skills are also essential for many of the roles based onshore. OPITO helps to support the industry through its role in workforce planning and skills development, helping to attract the next generation of the oil amp; gas workforce. The rate of change within the industry is likely to increase over the next 50 years as the industry extracts oil from ever more challenging reservoirs in the North Sea and across the world. To contend with this rate of change, individuals will have the opportunity to develop new skills and competencies as they engage in the process of lifelong learning. OPITO’s role ensures that the oil amp; gas industry is capable of meeting future demands.

Strategic Review of Associated Business Consultants and their use of IT The WritePass Journal

Strategic Review of Associated Business Consultants and their use of IT Introduction Strategic Review of Associated Business Consultants and their use of IT IntroductionGeneral BackgroundSWOT AnalysisCompetitive AdvantageLow-cost StrategyDifferentiation StrategyPEST AnalysisAdvantages of a New IT SystemDisadvantages of a New IT SystemRecommendationsConclusionShort Term GoalsLong Term GoalsBibliographyRelated Introduction Over the years businesses have become extra reliant on technology and moreover throughout the current economic climate as there is a huge importance for a business to keep up to date technology.   Competition is driving companies to become more efficient and effective through the purchases of IT developments.   Gaining competitive advantage over rivals can play a major part in the use of information technology. Based on the business structure, I have looked at the IT systems that are currently in place to see if there can be any alterations to help increase productivity and also business strategies.   The following report goes through this. General Background The firm is a large sized business based on the fact that there are over twenty offices throughout the UK with 50 partners and also 350 support and administration staff.   The firm provides business and financial information to clients, so it is vital to have a system that holds the relevant information and in one secure place.   The current system consists of standard office software which includes basic word processing, access to spreadsheets and also a range of specialist software.   Some IT provision has been inherited; therefore creating a wide range of systems between sites and has consequently meant communication has been limited to email. SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis of the competitive environment is used so that the business can identify its position in the market place and recognise potential future strategic options. Figure 1 SWOT Analysis The strengths of the business include factors such as the firm expanding quickly as per the success in various consultancy projects.   This has meant the need for work to be required overseas and is to become a huge benefit to the business.   Other strengths are that the business holds many offices across the UK, which will also provide future prospects. The main weakness are that the business is running on a wide range of IT software and systems, meaning that all data will be scattered around the various sites and almost everything will be in a different format.   These issues cause problems in terms of wanting or needing files that are saved on a different computer in another office.   This also interferes with the lack of communication between sites.   Communication can be shown in all different ways by means of voicemails, meetings, emails, and reports.   In terms of this business, the current system has only allowed communication between sites to be via email.   In a business of this size, poor communication can result in a lack of planning and also mistakes by employees that later cause complication to the business.   This is a major problem as the ability to communicate is one of the biggest factors in business success and an essential part of a smoothly running business, for example business partners need to discu ss future goals and tactics. Another concern is the lack of corporate IT policies and procedures throughout the business, therefore adding to the communication problem.   Policies procedures are required when there is a need for consistency in day-to-day working activities. These procedures allow employees to understand their roles and provide the ability to work to the same rules when dealing with activities that are of importance to the business, such as the acquisition of hardware and software.   There are different IT policies that are needed within the business environment and would include IT Administration, IT Asset Management, IT Training and Support, IT Security and Disaster Recovery and Software Development.   Despite the fact that these offer a firm background, they do not provide the employees with any formal training. While the strength of the business is growing, the opportunity for working overseas has become available, therefore creating many opportunities for future business and in turn more projects. Although the existing system has provided the ability to grow, it is hugely noticeable that due to the quick expansion, the IT system needs to be reliable and accessible in different offices, which the current system is not.   Therefore, the current system is not providing the best resource, so is not allowing the business to give the best possible service.   So the need for a decent system is an important part in the running of this business.   Even though a new system is needed as a matter of urgency, there can be several threats that come about due to the transition from the old system to the new system.   These problems can be anything from teething problems to the loss of important data, so planning is important.   Another possible threat is the competitors, as they can use their IT systems to gain advantage. Competitive Advantage A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices. The most significant model for assessing the nature of competition in a business is Michael Porters Five Forces Model.   It shows how a firm can use these forces to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage.   According to Porter and the model below, there are five areas of the external environment that affect the profitability of the firm.   These include supplier power, buyer power, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes and also Industry rivalry.   These are used as an action plan to exploit the information system by investigating how IT might spawn new businesses. The business can use their IT systems to gain competitive advantage using Porter’s five forces to do this. Figure 2 Porter’s Five Forces To gain advantage through the threat of new entrants, the business must raise the level of competition by means of providing a unique service that no new entrant can compete against, thereby reducing its appeal. To gain advantage through the threat of substitutes To gain advantage through bargaining power of suppliers, To gain advantage through bargaining power of customers, To gain advantage through Intensity of Rivalry Porter suggests that any firm can be profitable in any industry, it all depends on the strategy that the firm adopts. There are two significant strategies that any firm can follow to improve their profitability. The firms that fail are those that do not follow any strategy, or try to follow both. These firms get stuck in the middle. Low-cost Strategy The firm adopts a position trying to minimise all its expenses. It should set prices below other firms in the market. Ordinarily this would seriously constrain profit margins, but the second aspect of this is that the costs of providing the product are pushed down even further so even though the firm sells at a lower price it still makes more profit than other firms in the industry. Differentiation Strategy If the firms competitors are trying to undercut the prices of its products, there are two choices. Fight them in a price war to keep matching or undercutting their prices, or make the products different so that it doesnt matter how low their prices go, there will still be some customers that prefer the goods that the firm produces. The price war has a tendency to reduce profits almost completely, so obviously a different product is the slightly more desirable method. This is why there are so many subtly different products on the supermarket shelves. PEST Analysis Also by using the PEST framework we can investigate many different factors in a firms macro environment that may be affected by a change in the way the business will be run following an upgrade in an Information System. Figure 3 – PEST Analysis Advantages of a New IT System As with any investment and also every business, many advantages and disadvantages need to be considered to establish the best way forward.   The intention of a new system is to provide a structured framework and a practical approach, providing major increases in processing speed, cheaper memory and improved storage capacity. Other advantages and benefits of updating a system include: Better safety Improved service Competitive advantages Less errors Greater accuracy Higher-quality products Improved communications Increased efficiency Increased productivity More efficient administration Further opportunities Reduced labour requirements Reduced costs Superior financial decision making Superior control over operations Superior managerial decision makingAdded value to products (goods and services) Disadvantages of a New IT System However, every business must consider start-up costs when implementing an IT system.   In addition to the cost of hardware and software, some technology dealers require businesses to purchase user licenses for each employee that will be operating the system.   There are also other costs that need to be anticipated when introducing new software into a business; these can include the cost of training employees and maintenance costs and could therefore get expensive.   Although the initial costs would be high, the possibility of greater competition is of a greater advantage. Other difficulties include business opportunities being missed, lack of integration of systems, and also priorities are not based on business needs.   Some or all of these can occur when the firm does not have the means to plan and manage information systems strategically. Whilst the business works with data, a key concern is the security of the data, as the input of a new information system would enable the business to process more and more personal data.   For instance, as more data is set up and the more information is exchanged, there becomes a greater risk that the information will be lost, corrupted or misused. Information technology systems are vulnerable to security breaches, mainly when they are accessible via the Internet. If the correct measures are not in place, this data could be lost or misused. The Data Protection Act says that: â€Å"Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data.† Data Protection Act 1998 The statement above is taken from the Data Protection Act and is the seventh data protection principle.   It means that you must have appropriate security to prevent the personal data held being accidentally or deliberately compromised.   If data is not properly safeguarded, this can seriously damage a business’s reputation.   To protect the business, it must make sure it has the right security, backed up by policies and procedures and also the use of reliable staff. Recommendations There are 50 partners and 350 support staff that require office software and a range of specialist software that include customer and project management packages.   The business would help from a WAN (A wide area network), this is a computer network that covers a broad area and are all connected together.   Their software packages could be held in a centralised place and customers details held on the central server so each employee has access to them and be synchronised, which creates a more secure system and better data integrity.   A WAN could allow for an intranet for better communication purposes, overseas and internationally.   Another advantage of a WAN is the allowance of being able to have remote access from where ever in the world, and due to the firm now achieving business overseas, this is essential. In addition to the WAN, the business would also benefit from the investment of up to date software in both word processing and spreadsheets, as these would help both the employees and also at managerial level.   Offices these days try to keep up to date software as it helps the general running of day to day activities. Conclusion Short Term Goals In terms of short term goals, I recommend that all computers are updated immediately with the latest version of office software as this can be done easily with the right planning.   I also recommend that the IT policies and procedures are written and implemented to start bringing all the offices and staff together to create one whole business across the various sites. Long Term Goals It is imperative that the long term goal of the business is to look into updating and combining their systems.   In order to do this, a strategic plan must be put in place which looks into all aspects of combining systems throughout the business.   This may include the advantages and disadvantages, costs and also problems that may come about in the process.   Once an agreed time limit and plan has been agreed, work can be started to merge the office systems into one. Bibliography ico.gov.uk/for_organisations/data_protection/the_guide/principle_7.aspx bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A593345

How AI programs can overcome hiring bias

How AI programs can overcome hiring bias As the adage goes, â€Å"to err is human.† Mistakes and bias are built into the human condition. We can try our very best to maintain objectivity, but more often than not we allow personal biases to creep into our everyday decision making. While most of the time these biases are harmless, this can become a huge problem when your job is hiring people. Hiring bias is, unfortunately, a  real product of the human condition. Something as seemingly innocent as setting up an interview with a candidate just based off the fact that they attended the same high school, or more seriously, refusing someone based off their race or gender, can be problematic- especially in HR. So how can we as professionals prevent this sort of thing from happening? The solution could just be taking the human aspect out of the equation altogether. Artificial intelligence (AI) can eliminate unwanted bias during the hiring process. Originally appearing in an article posted on PandoLogic’s blog,  her e are some ways AI can erase hiring bias.Prevent hiring discrimination danger zonesAI works off data, meaning you still have the power to crunch the numbers. If you’re worried about bias creeping in, you can set the program to exclude metrics that indicate age, race, or gender. This leaves you with only the pertinent  information: experience, skills, capabilities, etc.According to a recent meta-study compiled by PNAS, hiring discrimination remains mostly unchanged over the past 25 years. Minorities continue to receive 30-50% fewer callbacks than their white counterparts. By and large, fewer callbacks mean fewer offers for Latinx and African-American candidates. No matter how qualified these candidates are on paper, they’re just not being considered as often. As alarming as these stats seem, we do have the means with which to combat the debilitating bias some people face. AI can make sure these candidates don’t fall through the cracks and are considered for qua lified positions.Set up guidelinesWe’ve all had that one boss that would drill standards and protocols into our brains until we could recite them in our sleep. As helpful as that was, living in the 21st century definitely has its perks. Just make tech do it!hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});You can quickly tell a program to follow specific guidelines and guarantee it will listen better than an intern. Let’s say you want to make sure you and your team follow the Equal Employment Opportunity  Commission (EEOC) guidelines. With an AI program, you can easily enter EEOC values to process applications. The result is a batch of qualified candidates that hit all the marks and follow all the rules.Streamline the interview processThe interview is still one of the most essential aspects of the hiring process. A face-to-face conversation remains a time-tested standard for hiring teams. If you’re a veteran interviewer, then you are keenly aware of the question-related pitfalls to avoid. But can you say the same for the rest of your team? This is where AI can jump in to help.You’ve screened your candidate using AI; now it’s your turn! AI programs like Ansaro  can allow you and your team to collaborate on proper, non-biased interview questions to ask against a grading system that you create. A pre-prepped interviewer can then grade candidates on a fairer scale.The interview may be a staple on the road to hiring, but how you prepare for one is evolving. Hiring discrimination has been a problem for decades across various industries and workplaces. Utilizing technological advancements to end this issue is exactly what tech should do: improve our lives for the better.

Compare and contrast the representation of physical suffering and Essay

Compare and contrast the representation of physical suffering and death in Frankenstein and Moby-Dick. How does the treatment of the suffering or dying body connect to these novels' other themes or ideas - Essay Example Victor Frankenstein creates a human like creature that is disgusting and hateful because of his appearance. This creature brings downfall to Victor and his family because of his ambition to revenge Victor for creating him in such a loathsome shape. He kills Victor’s brother William, his friend Henry and his beloved Elizabeth. Victor also dies in his chase for the creature. Likewise, in Moby Dick, Captain Ahab is in pursuit of Moby Dick, the white whale, which has deprived Ahab of his left leg. Ahab wants to take revenge from Moby Dick. In his pursuit, all his crew members get killed expect Ishmael because of his being on another boat. In the end, Captain Ahab also gets killed because of the Moby Dick. Therefore, it is quite clear that the themes of death and physical suffering of both the novels are interconnected as they deal with pursuit of the protagonists in which, they become a reason for the causation of death of the people related to them. The tragic ends of the novels are because of the pursuits of the

The Financial System and the Economy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Financial System and the Economy - Coursework Example Various organizations that had invested in the organizations located in United States even suffered a huge loss as these organizations were on the verge of bankruptcy (The Economist, 2013). This depicts that organizations located in one region are highly dependent on organizations in other regions and thus there is a need to protect organizations in one nation to protect organizations in other nations. In order to avert and avoid future similar financial crises the regulators in the United States need to keep a close watch on the organizations in the United States and stop them from indulging in unhealthy practices due to which they may face losses and experience bankruptcy. This in turn will not only protect organizations in US, this will even protect organizations and economies throughout the world. 2. The five determinants that investors take into account while making any investment related decisions includes the expected return which is the return on investment that investors assume or predict they will receive through an investment. The return is the determinant which is the amount of money that a particular security has earned and evens the alterations in the price of the security in comparison to the value at which the security was initially traded. The third determinant is the capital yield which is the amount of money an investor is able to earn within a specific period of time and its comparison with the value of the investment that was experienced at the beginning of the specific period (Croushore, 2007). The fourth determinant is the capital yield which is a term used to refer to the elevation in the dollar based value of a particular investment over a specific period of time. The last factors is the capital gains yield which is the capital gains that a particular inv estment has offered in comparison with the value of the investment at the start of the period in which the capital gains is measured. The most important

Children Obesity Essay Example for Free

Children Obesity Essay The problem of childhood obesity in the United States has grown considerably in recent years. Between 16 and 33 percent of children and adolescents are obese.From Environmental Health Perspectives website, the recent data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimate 17% of youths ages 2-19 years old to be overweight compare to just 5% a few decades ago(â€Å"Child obesity†). This data shows we should act urgently to rescue children because the percentage of child obesity is increasing rapidly.According to Answer. com website, using the BMI (Body Mass Index) calculation, overweight is between 25-30, obese is 30-40 and extremely obese is 40 and up. This calculation is a height and weight comparison (BMI = weight in pounds X 705 / height in inches squared). By usingbody fat analysis, for a woman’s obesity starts about 33% body fat, for a man, it is about 24%(â€Å"How do you know†).Weight and shape of children are affected by hereditary factors from their parents. However, most of unhealthy weight gain is due to poor diet. Children who have obesity have bad habits; for example, they prefer to eat fast food such as hamburgers with french fries and coke than healthy food such as vegetable and multi-grains. Fast food is very tempting to children and theirparents because of its cheap price, taste, and convenience. The reason children like hamburgers is high levels of salt and sugar content found in most fast food items. So far, unhealthy food leads children to become obese which causes various health problems. Overweight children, when compared to healthy weight children, are more likely to develop many health problems such as depression, diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure, which are associated with heart disease in adults. Thepurpose of this paper is to reviewhow children obesity effects on physical and mental health. First, children obesity and overweight have been found to be at an increased risk of depression. Obese children get stress from change of their body shape, perspectives from other people’s awareness that leads to poor self-esteem or social phobia which are related to the cause of depression. [ì ¶Å"ì ²Ëœ][ë ¹â€žÃ« §Å'ìš °Ã¬Å¡ ¸Ã¬ ¦ ] ë ¹â€žÃ« §Å'ê ³ ¼Ã¬Å¡ °Ã¬Å¡ ¸Ã¬ ¦ , ë ¹â€žÃ« §Å'ê ³ ¼Ã¬Å¡ °Ã¬Å¡ ¸Ã¬ ¦ Ã¬ ËœÃª ´â‚¬Ãª ³â€ž ìž  Ã¬â€¹ ¤Ã¬Å  ¤Ã­  ¬Ã¬ ¸  Ã¬ ¢â€¦Ã­â€¢ ©Ã¬Æ' Ãª °â‚¬Ã¬Å  ¤Ã­  ¼|ìž‘ì„ ±Ã¬Å¾ spom4237236The following article, â€Å"Childhood Obesity and Depression: Connection Between These Growing Problems in Growing Children,† shows how depression is diagnosed in youths. Youthbecome depress if they gain weight more than they expected. Also, obesity and overweight are connected to sleep problem which is associated with increased risk of depression. In study of 400 adolescents with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, change i n sleep was most common symptom remaining depression in youths. Relationship between sleep and obesity is intervened at least in part by insulin resistance. In a study of obese children, insulin was connected with shorter sleep duration according to thepolysomnography (Reeves M. G., Postolache T. T., Snitker S.).In addition, that child obesity cause depression is obesity makes children a target for bullying. According to Medscape Medical News, â€Å"Obese children are more likely to be bullied than their non-obese peers regardless of sex, race, socioeconomic status, social skills, or academic achievement† (Harrison).Because childhood and adolescent are a sensitive period, and they focus on other’s appearance, obese children can be targeted of bullying that makes them get hurt and depress. To prevent the depression, children need to eat health food and exercise. In addition to obesity causes depression, the second health problem is obesity causes diabetes. The dietary habits of obese children are eating a lot of sugar and salt which are excessive caloric intake. Being obese means you have more fatty tissue, having more fatty tissue causes the body to become insulin resistant and becoming insulin resistant causes the body to put on more weight. Becoming more insulin resistant and at a certain level of resistance, it becomes known as diabetes. Obese children also are twice as likely to have diabetes than children who are of normal weight, according to a new study from the University of Michigan Health System. The study, published in the February issue of Diabetes Care, is the most recent national study to estimate the prevalence of children with diabetes. It found that more than 229,000 children, approximately 3.2 cases for every 1,000 American children under the age of 18, currently have diabetes. And one-third of those children are obese(â€Å"Obese Children Twice†). Obesity causes the build-up of fats around cell walls. The liver loses the ability for the metabolism of glucose. Glucose is supplied with the help of the insulin hormone. In essence, obesity reduces the body’s ability to use insulin properly. A glucose build up is deposited in the urine.In addition, diabetes is explained from Washington University in St. Louis website. Diabetes mellitus is a group of disorders that have in common high blood sugar and the risk of damage to tissues and organs. There are two major types: Type1, juvenile diabetes and Type 2, adult-onset diabetes. In Type 1 diabetes, the cells of the pancreas that make insulin are destroyed. Often, the body’s immune system destroys these cells, sort of like friendly fire. Without insulin, blood sugar rises and complications occur. Lifelong insulin treatment is required. In Type 2 diabetes, organs and tissues are resistant to insulin; that is, more insulin is needed to have the same effect. When the insulin-making cells can no longer keep up with the extra insulin needed, blood sugar becomes high and diabetes occurs (â€Å"Obesity, Type 2 diabetes†). Overall, children should avoid eatingso muchunhealthy food that contain of high sugar, salt and fat that causes diabetesto continue into adulthood. In addition to obesity causes diabetes, the third health problem is obese puts children at risk for high cholesterol levels and high blood pressure that cause heart disease. Childrens diets have changed dramaticallybecause it is influenced by television commercials and the convenience of fast foods that have too much sugar and salt that leads high cholesterol level. In â€Å"Cholesterol in Childhood† by Vincent Iannelli, M.D., the author reported â€Å"The effects of cardiovascular disease is something that will especially be a problem once an overweight child grows up, when he will be at risk for a heart attack or stroke.†Also, the article exposes children who have heart disease with high cholesterol was 2.3 times as likely to have died early. These factsgive a warning to how obesity is related to serious health problem to children. The connection between high cholesterol and high blood pressure was explained on Livestrong.com website, â€Å"Cholesterol is a soft waxy material in the blood that mixes with lipids. It shapes membranes and some hormones but does not dissolve in the blood. Since it does not dissolve, lipoproteins carry it to and from cells. Blood pressure is the force that pushes blood through blood vessels, then to all body organs. When these two functions of the body are not working correctly, it can be devastating to overall health.†(â€Å"Connections Between†).According to Webmd.com website, when there is too much cholesterol in blood, it builds up in the walls of arteries, causing a process called atherosclerosis, a form of heart disease. The arteries become narrowed and blood flow to the heart muscle is slowed down or blocked. The blood carries oxygen to the heart, and if enough blood and oxygen cannot reach the heart, it may cause chest pain (â€Å"Heart disease†).Because ofhigh cholesterol, high blood pressure that are related to the heart disease, obese children need dietary changes and weight loss to help lower their cholesterol. In conclusion, children obesity is an increasingly prevalent health disorder and is of particularly concern because children who are obese are more likely to continue to become obese through adolescence and into adulthood with various health problems. Eating unhealthy food and lack of exercise lead to most of child obesity and overweight. Obesity can cause mental and physical problemsinchildren. According to â€Å"Child obesity ‘time bomb’ a threat to life expectancy†, Food Standards Agency chairman, John Krebs, told: â€Å"We already know that many children’s diets contain more fat, sugar and salt than is recommended. We know that the level of obesity in children is rising and, in the words of the chief medical officer, is a health time bomb that could explode.† (Carey). Also, children obesity can be targeted of bullying and give rise to diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and heart diseases. Also, child obesity has high probability to become an obese adult. Therefore, we need to accept the children obesity as a serious problem in current society in the United States and seek the solutionsto make children free from obesity and being overweight. Works Cited Brown, Joni.â€Å"Connections Between High Blood Pressure Cholesterol†. livestrong.com, 17 Dec. 2010 Web. 22 May 2012 Carey, Dorothy. Child Obesity Time Bomb A Threat To Life Expectancy. Nutridate 15.1 (2004): 8. Web. 22 May 2012. Harrison, Pam. â€Å"Obesity Makes Children a Target for Bullying.† Medscape Medical News. 4 May 2010. Web. 22May 2012. â€Å"Heart Disease and Lowering cholesterol†.Webmd.com,Web. 22 May 2012 Iannelli,Vincent. â€Å"Cholesterol in Childhood†.About.com, 13November 2011 Web. 22 May 2012 â€Å"Obese Children Twice as likely to have Diabetes†. University of Michigan, 2 Feb. 2006. Web. 22 May 2012 â€Å"Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Growing rapidly among Children†. Washington University in St. Louis., 11 March 2005. Web. 22 May 2012 Reeves, Gloria M., Teodor T.Postolache., and Soren Snitker. â€Å"Childhood Obesity and Depression: Connection between these Growing Problems in Growing Children.† NIH Public Access. Aug. 2008. Web. 22 May 2012

Serving the Public and the Animals Essay -- Zoology Zoos Wildlife Essa

Serving the Public and the Animals From childhood, most of us have fond memories of going to the zoo. We were entertained by the variety of animals that we were not able to see on a regular basis. Visitors of a zoo get to see exotic, and local animals of that area. Going to a zoo gives children and adults a chance to learn about different animals. Certain zoos also promote the conservation of endangered species. To people of all ages, zoos are just plain fun. This essay will support the operation of zoos based on their entertainment and educational value, and their ability to save some species from extinction. Most zoos, depending on the location, house animals from all over the world. Each zoo needs to be in a place where local animals, as well as exotic, can survive and live comfortably. That’s one of the main reasons why people go to zoos. Visitors are able to view unique animals through glass, and see how they might act in the wild. The Reid Park Zoo in Tucson, Arizona, features primates, big cats, birds, and reptiles. It also features large mammals like hippos, giraffes, and bears. They have recently built a new part of the zoo that houses panthers, sloths, and exotic birds. The Wildlife Zoo in Phoenix, Arizona takes care of hundreds of wild animals, with even more variety than the Reid Park Zoo. These zoos have special activities for children and adults that involve awareness and education of every species. There are also zoo employees who walk around with small animals and snakes that can be petted and held by zoo visitors. Zoos are a popular place to bring students for a field trip. Besides the entertainment value, children can learn about the different animals of the world and see how ea... ...d their viewers. There are so many benefits from having zoos. They give many gifts to the viewers and the captive animals. They aid in conservation, education, and entertainment. Without zoos, humans would not know enough about animals to treat their diseases, or to help wild animals with injuries. Many people would go without knowledge of the world’s different animal species. Several species would have seen extinction already. Zoos are a highly valuable commodity that should not be terminated. Works Cited Bostock, Stephen, Zoos and Animal Rights: The ethics of keeping animals, 1993 â€Å"Conservation in Zoos†, www.wag.co.za/root_news, Accessed 3/24/03 Markowitz, Hal, Behavioral Enrichment in the Zoo, 1982 â€Å"Programs†, http://desertmuseum.org, Accessed 3/24/03 â€Å"Zoos: Pitiful Prisons†, http://www.peta.org/mc/facts, Accessed 3/29/03

Explore How Conflict Effects Those Not Fighting in the Conflict Poems

In The Falling Leaves and Poppies, compare the effects conflict has on those not fighting. In Poppies by Jane Weir and The Falling Leaves by Margaret Postgate Cole both poets use a variety of methods to show effects conflict has on those not fighting. Use of structure and language is important in presenting these effects. This essay will explore both poems to analyse the effects of different methods as implemented by the poets. The structure used in the poems along with similes and metaphors to describe the soldiers in both poems give a sad, solemn tone, to show how the poet was effected by conflict.The use of enjambment in The Falling Leaves gives the sense of long pauses and broken thoughts and feelings of the poet showing that it saddens the poet to think of hundreds of soldiers losing their lives in war. In Poppies, â€Å"All my words flattened, rolled, turned into felt, slowly melting. †, is used to show that the feeling of her son leaving to fight in a war was hard to ex plain and that the words meant nothing as the feeling was too strong to explain in words. The emotion of the poet is clearly described in both poems. I resisted the impulse† and â€Å"I was brave, as I walked with you†. Both quotes from Poppies show that although the poet felt upset that her son was going to war, and that she felt he was too young, she allowed her son to do as he wanted. This shows realisation that he had grown up, that it wasn’t her decision to allow him to go and that she didn’t want to upset him by showing how she really felt. In The Falling Leaves, the poet describes her emotion through the weather. â€Å"like snowflakes wiping out the noon;† this shows that she was feeling saddened and upset from what she had seen.Both poems describe the soldiers as innocent. For example, in Poppies, the poet’s memories of her son were all those of his youth, showing that he was still an innocent child. In The Falling Leaves soldiers are compared to graceful, white snowflakes. â€Å"Like snowflakes falling on the Flemish clay†. White is purity, cleanliness, and innocence. This may be emphasising the idea that all soldiers were still children that needed guidance from their parents and were naive and were only killed as they had little guidance.This idea of innocence could show that the impact on those not fighting was much larger because the soldiers did not deserve to die in the eyes of the poets. However, the soldiers are also described as â€Å"brown leaves dropping from their tree†. This may give the impression that those fighting were not important, just as leaves aren’t important to a tree. The idea of the brown leaves may mean that they had completed their ‘service’ and were no longer useful but that it was not an issue as new soldiers would replace them.The amount of death is recognised in The Falling Leaves, the soldiers are described as â€Å"a gallant multitude†, generalising huge number of dead soldiers as one unit. This lessens the portrayed sorrow of those not fighting by making all soldiers faceless and identical. Whereas in Poppies, it is much more personalised, this creates a feeling of grief and shows that the poet thinks it may be harder to cope with the loss of those in war than is portrayed in The Falling Leaves.

Politics & Watchmen Essay

Comic books have long held the fascination of young and adult alike. Their social commentary on politics and cultural integration of societies along with their charismatic protagonists pitted against the forces of evil become a gateway into self-reflection – whether or not that self be a person or a government. In Alan Moore’s graphic novel The Watchmen such policy questions and the ambiguity of evil come to the forefront of the story. The Watchmen is a graphic novel with takes place in the United States in the 1980’s but facts about history have changed in order to give the reader a more amoral society: Nixon is still president, America won the Vietnam War and the future looks like a bright place full of peace thanks to Dr. Manhattan’s element introducing new engineering feats to even new fabrics (as seen with Rorschach’s mask that had once been a lady’s dress). All of these elements combine to enlighten the reader and to cause them to question a static government whose lines of good and evil are nonexistence in the face of progress as Moore stated in 1986, â€Å"[I] was consciously trying to do something that would make people feel uneasy. † (Stewart Synchronicity and Symmetry 1987). This paper will seek to develop an analysis of Alan Moore’s classic graphic novel including commentary from other sources that will support and deny the brilliance of this novel and its social commentary on American culture. Alan Moore presents the reader with passages throughout his text which aid the reader in subplots of his story. Some sections are dedicated to Nite Owl while others are dedicated to the tragedy of a pirate shipwrecked in Tales of the Black Freighter. The point of these small diversions from the main story is to give the reader a more comprehensive look into the morals of the story at hand. Moore is giving his readers an idea about heroes and their obligations to justice paired with their personal identities as Singh states, And we meet the protagonists, each with his or her own set of personal demons – including the amoral Edward Blake/The Comedian (a character about whom I would have liked to learn more) whose death sets the plot in motion and the two erstwhile Nite Owls who meet on Saturdays to reminisce about glories past. The only character in the book who actually has supernormal powers is Dr Manhattan/Jonathan Osterman, who developed extraordinary control over matter following a laboratory accident. While the classic superhero comic might have used Dr Manhattan to great effect in action scenes, his function here is different: he serves as a dispassionate observer/commenter on human affairs. (Of course, he is also being used as a weapon by the US – a dubious move, since his very presence in the world encourages the possibility of mutually assured destruction. ) (Singh How Superheroes Fade 2006). Through Moore’s writing the reader discovers that the hero’s battle for justice is being underwritten by the government, especially with the enforcement of the Keene Act: An act which requires masked avengers to give the public their true identity. While some heroes do in fact acquiesce to this new law (i. e. the Silk Spectre/Laurie Juspeczyk, and Ozymandias/Adrian Veidt) or not (Rorschach/Walter Kovacs), or simply retire (the second Nite Owl/Daniel Dreiberg) the fact that the government is requiring for their heroes to divulge their identity and thereby become more of a target to their enemies is part of that running dialogue of government policies that serve no purpose, and definitely no good purpose that Moore was adamant about writing into his story. This idea about heroes begets the ideas about Greek and Roman culture (indeed many comic book heroes have their origins with ancient gods and goddesses) and with this connotation comes another Greek route: That of a hero’s flaw as Bradford Wright writes about Moore’s concept of the graphic novel that The Watchmen is, â€Å"Moore’s obituary for the concept of heroes in general and superheroes in particular. † (Wright 272). There is one hero in this story which allows for the bending of good into the realm of evil to play a dynamic role in the book: Ozymandias/Adrian Veidt seeks to become like Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great conquered the known world- and he did this in order to unite the world and thereby eliminate opposition and evil. In Adrian’s mind, in order to become a great hero he must accomplish a united world in order to have global peace. Thus, he decides to fake a global threat in the form of an alien attack toward the close of the novel. This attack succeeds in uniting the United States with Russia and other leaders (remember this was a time when the Cold War was a serious issue, and even though Moore chose to change the face of the president for his graphic novel, the impending doom of the world is something he still kept in as a fact for his story). As most heroes have flaws, Ozymandias’ flaw may be considered to be his ego – for he wants to be greater than his own personal hero Alexander the Great. Tragic heroes begin their stories with aplomb of luck, or ego, or a rosy view of the world. With literature or drama the tragedy of the unmistakable truth found in the character’s own self-realization is typically the denouement. The writer’s tragic heroes have survived in life under false pretences, thus they are doomed to suffer from their one flaw of ego as Iain Thomson writes,†developing its heroes precisely in order to deconstruct the very idea of the hero and so encouraging us to reflect upon its significance from the many different angles of the shards left lying on the ground†. (Thomson Deconstructing the Hero 101). What is different in Moore’s novel is that Ozymandias doesn’t succumb to his ego – at least not in the written pages of the novel (for Rorschach’s novel does reach the attention of the Frontiersman newspaper and the reader is left to assume its pages will be printed and the truth about the alien hoax will be publicized). Thomson goes on to state â€Å"†¦ develops its heroes precisely in order to ask us if we would not in fact be better off without heroes†¦[and the story’s deconstruction of the idea of a hero] suggests that perhaps the time for heroes has passed [which further illustrates] this postmodern work from the deconstructions of the hero in the existentialism movement. † (Thomson 111). Thus, with the hero turned bad guy (for the cause of world peace) and not being punished by the ultimate superhero of the book, Dr. Manhattan, the reader is left wondering Where is justice? It is this question which spurns on the plots and subplots of the novel. With the Keene Act masked avengers are forced to reveal their identity but The Comedian/Edward Blake does not have to do this as he is an agent for the government. His work for the government is similar to a mercenary soldier – he goes into American occupied territories and takes care of local uprisings. The part of the book dedicated to Blake’s story shows him in Vietnam with a flame thrower killing soldiers. The next scene is of Blake in a bar with a pregnant woman asking him to take of her now that the war is over. Blake laughs at her and she then grabs a bottle and breaks it then attacks him brutally slashing his face as Reynolds states of Blake’s personality, â€Å"[he is] ruthless, cynical, and nihilistic, and yet capable of deeper insights than the others into the role of the costumed hero†(Reynolds 106). The justice of the novel in this scene takes place when Blake takes out his pistol and shoots her in the stomach. The underlining commentary on this scene is further developed as the reader realizes through Blake’s dialogue with Dr. Manhattan that Manhattan could have turned the gun into anything he wanted, but he didn’t, he simply allowed events to play through. So, the characters’ amoral personalities and their ability to follow their government as soldiers and kill villagers then kill a pregnant woman, or even to allow a pregnant woman to be killed when one could have done something to prevent it, layer the story with what are the definitions of good and evil and these traits applications to men who claim to be fighting for justice. Does guilt make evil actions less amoral? This is a question which plagues through Moore’s commentary on the government. The United States government sent Dr. Manhattan to annihilate small villages in order for them to surrender to the U. S. all in under the guise of peace as Klock states, â€Å"[l]ike Alan Moore’s kenosis, [Veidt] must destroy, then reconstruct, in order to build ‘a unity which would survive him. ‘† (Klock 75). Does a government feel guilt over the thousands that die on the opposition’s side? And, if they do feel guilt, how does a feeling make recompense for the harm that is done? Indeed, Moore’s novel about ambiguous feelings gives all of the contradictions of the American government (Sabin 165). In the world of graphic novels, the cut and dry interpretation of the hero fighting side by side with its government and government agencies such as cops, it would seem then that the government would become a hero in association with the protagonists of the story. In Moore’s novel, the reader sees the development of the anti-hero in full climax with the character of The Comedian. The Comedian is a social commentary on how governments, different agencies and countries are a joke – they promise to help the people but when the government sends Blake and Dreiberg to control the rioting in the street all it takes it one person from the crowd to throw a beer bottle at the Archimedes (Nite Owl’s flying device) for Blake to go into the crowd shooting his gun at the people he’s supposed to be protecting. All throughout the novel Moore has Dave Gibbons illustrate the phrase â€Å"Who Watches The Watchmen† written in graffiti all over the city. At this pivotal scene in the novel, when the crowd disperses one lone soul is spray painting this phrase on the side of a building when Blake comes up to them. This is main theme of the graphic novel – who controls the hero when the hero becomes evil? This question comes to a climax with Ozymandias’ character along with (to an extent) Blake’s character.

Bad Leadership Essay Example

Bad Leadership Essay Example Bad Leadership Paper Bad Leadership Paper BAD LEADERSHIP What It Is, How It Happens, Why It Matters By Barbara Kellerman Page 1 The book is all about the dark side of leadership and how you individuals get there and what we can do to avoid it. She suggests that leaders do not act alone and are not solely responsible for bad leaderships. There is no leadership without followship. If followers would just not follow a bad leader we could put a stop to the bad leadership. She has two main arguments throughout the book. The first is that leadership is either classified as ineffective or unethical. The second argument is that you can break the whole bad leadership into seven types – incompetent, rigid, intemperate, callous, corrupt, insular, and evil. She talks about how writers of other books and schools that study leadership suggest that to become a leader is to become a good leader. The dark side then as she suggests that to limit leadership to good leadership presents three major problems. It is confusing and misleading and does a disservice. She goes on to talk about the reasons why we are bad. She states that â€Å"people in a state of nature are not, in the usually sense of the word, good. This is not to insist that people are bad but rather that the human animal cannot be relied on to behave well. †[i] I’m not so sure that I agree with this statement. She brings up a point that in the past, scholars believed that a leader’s traits, such as intelligence, were more important then any other variable when determining a leader’s ability. They now agree that there are other variables that need to be considered such as the situation, the nature of the task at hand, and the followers. Why do we follow leaders who behave badly? She suggests it’s out of our need for safety and self-preservation. Getting along by going along is one of life’s early Page 2 lessons and so we need simplicity and stability. We do not want to lose our jobs so we keep quiet and keep things simple. Groups go along with bad leaders because even bad leaders can provide important benefits. Leaders maintain order, provide cohesion and identity, and do the collective work. Either in a group or as an individual, we find that it’s in our best interest to go with the flow and not stir the pot. How can we expect to reduce the number of bad leaders though unless we reduce the number of bad followers like we probably all have been at one point in our career. She states that, â€Å"Bad leadership will not, cannot be stopped or slowed unless followers take responsibility for rewarding the good leaders and penalizing the bad ones. †[ii] The first of Kellerman’s arguments is that bad leadership falls into two categories: ineffective and unethical. An ineffective leader â€Å"fails to produce the desired change. For reasons that include missing traits, weak skills, strategies badly conceived, and tactics badly employed, ineffective leadership falls short of its intention. †[iii] Whereas, unethical leaders may be very effective, they just don’t know the difference between right or wrong. Our textbook has a chapter on leadership ethics and social responsibility. The textbooks describes ethics as, â€Å"the study of moral obligations, or of separating right from wrong†, and morals as, â€Å"an individual’s determination of what is right or wrong†. [iv] I would suggest that they may know the difference, but they choose to ignore it. She then goes on to her next argument that there are seven types of bad leadership: Incompetent, Rigid, Intemperate, Callous, Corrupt, Insular and Evil. She says Page 3 that the first three types (incompetent, rigid and intemperate) tend to be classified as ineffective leadership and the last four (callous, corrupt, insular and evil) are bad because of unethical behavior. She defines an incompetent leader as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers lack the will or skill (or both) to sustain effective action. With regard to at least one important leadership challenge, they do not create positive change. [v] Leaders are incompetent for many reasons. Some lack experience, education or expertise and others lack drive, energy or the ability to focus. The instances I have recognized incompetent leaders are one’s in which someone was promoted only because of their longevity at the company and not because of their skills or expertise. I tend to call them worker bees who are gre at at being a worker bee, and then they get promoted to a leadership role because they are such a great worker bee, and then they fail. They don’t have the courage to step back and realize they are not meant to be leaders. She defines Rigid Leadership as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers are stiff and unyielding. Although they may be competent, they are unable or unwilling to adapt to new ideas, new information, or changing times. †[vi] I think this has come into play in past couple of decades with the emergence of technology. There were leaders who were not use to the convenience of technology and it scared them. It scared them right out of their jobs though because they were using rigid leadership and not being able to adapt to the change. Page 4 Kellerman defines Interperate Leadership as, â€Å"The leader lacks self-control and is aided and abetted by followers who are unwilling or unable effectively to intervene. †[vii] This is more of a private matter and very important for leaders to keep it that way. If these types of leaders lose self-control in public it can be very damaging to their reputation and to their followers. The book defines Callous Leadership as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers are uncaring or unkind. Ignored or discounted are the needs, wants, and wishes of most members of the group or organization, especially subordinates. [viii] Leaders are supposed to consider what their employees want. She uses words such as power-sharing and team-building as examples of what leaders are suppose to be promoting. We read in our textbook that leaders are to empower their employees and let them make decisions and seek improvement. It states that â€Å"a dominant characteristic of effective leaders is their passion for their work and to some extent for the people who help them accomplish the work. † The textbook has a section on team-based organizations and the role that the leader plays. It defines 9 key roles of the leader and those are: Building trust and inspiring teamwork Coaching team members and group members toward higher levels of performance Facilitating and supporting the team’s decisions Expanding the team’s capabilities Page 5 Creating a team identity Anticipating and influencing change Inspiring the team toward higher levels of performance Enabling and empowering group members to accomplish their work Encouraging team members to eliminate low-value work[ix] These are all roles that will help contribute to effective leadership and team building. These types of organizations needs leaders who know the team process and can give feedback and resolve conflict. She defines Corrupt Leadership as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers lie, cheat, or steal. To a degree that exceeds the norm, they put self-interest ahead of the public interest. †[x] We have learned that there is no place that is immune to corrupt leaders, not even the church. Most of the time the corrupt leader is motivated by money. They are placing their personal interests over the welfare of the company and other employees. It is important to remember that these types of leaders exist especially when you are a follower. Being a follower of these types of leaders can only bring you down as well if you choose to follow them. Insular Leadership is defined by her as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers minimize or disregard the health and welfare of, ‘the other’- that is, those outside the group or organization for which they are directly responsible. †[xi] It is in some sense, human nature to feel that your group, or family, or country competes with others and that Page 6 your group will always come first. These leaders should look to more of a collaboration and cooperation rather then competition. The textbook suggests, as a way to build teamwork, that you encourage competition with another group. It says that, â€Å"one of the best-known methods of encouraging teamwork is rallying the support of the group against a real or imagined threat from the outside. † It also goes on to say though that, â€Å"the leader should encourage rivalry, not intense competition that might lead to unethical business practices. †[xii] The last style of leadership that she defines is, Evil Leadership. She defines it as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers commit atrocities. They use pain as an instrument of power. The harm done to men, women, and children is severe rather than slight. The harm can be physical, psychological, or both. †[xiii] She focuses more in this section on the followers who follow these evil leaders. She suggests that they are just as much as evil if they do nothing and just follow along. She also suggests though that maybe they are a victim and are terrorized into following. She of course uses Saddam Hussein as an example of an evil leader, which I think we all could agree with. Before I even read who the brief examples were about, he is who came to my mind. The textbook talks a little about the evil and the dark side of leadership in that of a charismatic leader. It states that, â€Å"some people believe that charismatic leadership can be exercised for evil purposes. Charismatic leaders are experts at promising Utopia. Since perfection is the end, often the most heinous actions can be tolerated as seemingly Page 7 necessary means to the end. †[xiv] It goes on to talk about followers and why they follow these types of leaders. The textbook states that it’s because of that leader’s personal magnetism. Overall, the costs of bad leadership cannot be known exactly. Not only does it cause pain and suffering to those directly affected by the bad leadership, but there are those that are indirectly affected such as family and friends. She does a great job describing the many different ways bad leadership develops and also gives way at the end to correct and fend off bad leadership. She says, â€Å"What is to be done? How can we all, leaders and followers alike, begin truly to correct for and prevent bad leadership? She makes three assumptions to answer these questions: â€Å"First, we cannot stop or slow bad leadership by changing human nature. Second, we cannot stop or slow bad leadership without stopping and slowing bad followship. Finally, we cannot stop or slow bad leadership by sticking our heads in the sand. †[xv] [i] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 15) [ii] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 232) [iii] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 33) [iv] Leadership (Durbin, p. 169) [v] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 40) [vi] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 41) [vii] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 2) [viii] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 43) [ix] Leadership (Durbin, p. 264) [x] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 44) [xi] Bad Leadership (Kellerman p. 45) [xii] Leadership (Durbin, p. 271) [xiii] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 46) [xiv] Leadership (Durbin, p. 91) [xv] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 231 232) Page 8 REFERENCES Durbin, Andrew J. Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills. Fifth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company (2007). Kellerman, Barbara. Bad Leadership: What It Is, How It Happens, Why It Matters. Harvard Business School Press (2004). Page 9